Modern English Research Articles

Traditional Vs Modern English Language Teaching Methods: Study Based on a Survey

The study compares traditional and modern English language teaching methods and examines the prevalence and adoption of these methods by English language teachers. The sample consists of 100 English language teachers. The researchers use OLS regression, binary logistic regression and structural equation modelling to establish an association between adopting a particular language teaching method and the characteristics of the language teachers. Results indicate that experienced teachers prefer the social learning method, while less experienced teachers advocate the bilingual, experiential, and listening and observation methods. There are gender differences in accepting these language teaching methods. Female language teachers show an inclination towards the listening and observation method, whereas male teachers ardently favour the bilingual and experiential methods. Regression analysis reveals a higher probability of adoption of bilingual translation methods by non-English educational background teachers. Experienced teachers adopt the Social Learning Method, while less experienced teachers prefer experiential learning and bilingual translation methods more. Results of the path analysis using structural equation modelling indicate that the gender of the teachers mediates their educational background in the adoption of the particular language teaching method.

Myth of mankind and the representation of people in Late 18th-century British dictionaries of trade and commerce

The investigation aims at analysing the two general notions of mankind and people in two lexicographic reference works on trade and commerce published in London in the 1750s: Rolt’s A New Dictionary of Trade and Commerce (1756) and Postlethwayt’s The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce (1757). An overview of the same notions in universal dictionaries of arts and sciences (cfr. References, Primary Sources), issued before and after ND and UD, will also be of help to define a more general background. Starting from the key words mankind and people, their frequency and relevance in the two dictionaries, the investigation is widened to include related terms (e.g. multiword expressions and language patterns in which mankind and people occur) and semantic categories (e.g. specific contexts of use: social condition, social values, demography, identity and citizenship, etc.). The many entries, cross-references, and the various lexical clusters reveal a complex lexicographic and lexicological network. This network, beyond providing information and contents on specific topics, ultimately emphasises the hierarchical organising principle at the basis of Late Modern British society: in particular, people unfolds into a myriad of ‘entities’. Dictionaries of trade and commerce are plentiful sources of knowledge, from general concepts and notions to more specific contents, but also powerful ideological tools.

Illuminating the problem of blue verditer synthesis in the early modern English period: chemical characterisation and mechanistic understanding

We present a study into early modern English production of blue verditer, an early synthetic copper-based blue pigment chemically analogous to azurite. Verditers have been identified in numerous wall and easel paintings. While initial documentation occurs in the mid 1500s and production recipes were documented by the 17th c., the synthesis was known to be unreliable. This study replicates historical and recent scientific work on blue verditer and represents a significant advance in our understanding of verditer production and its challenges. Procedures for verditer synthesis are drawn from both 17th c. documentation and 20th c. replication work. The effects of temperature, copper and carbonate sources, solution stirring, copper ion concentration, and atmospheric composition are studied in order to elucidate the mechanism of synthesis and explain its unreliability in early modern refineries. Products are characterised by polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-Ray diffraction. Rouaite, a green basic copper nitrate, is for the first time confirmed as a product of the refiners’ synthesis and a precursor to blue verditer in laboratory syntheses. This result problematises the blanket identification of green verditer as basic copper carbonate and provides important clues to the mechanism for blue verditer synthesis. Solution chemistry and ion equilibria allow us to explain the route by which rouaite is first formed and then converted to blue verditer. Conditions favouring blue verditer production are also clarified further. Although it is commonly stated that low temperatures are required for blue verditer production, blue verditer is produced here at a range of ambient temperatures. The reaction is found instead to be controlled by solution equilibria and heavily favoured by high partial pressures of carbon dioxide. Alongside archival materials about refining and verditer production, these results are contextualised and explanations for the unreliability of historical synthesis are proposed.

Теоретические предпосылки изучения ФЕ-терминов и их вариантов в английском языке делового общения

This article studies theoretical material in the field of phraseology and terminology of business English, placing special emphasis on the variability of phraseological units and terms. The paper presents an analytical review of recent and relevant dissertations, monographs and research articles on business phraseology and terminology as well as variability thereof. The lexical composition of business language and the role of phraseological units in it are examined. The review lists a number of articles explaining the trend towards phraseologization of numerous terms used in business communication. Further, the paper studies current views on the structure of the meaning of the term and examines three main approaches to the definition of the term. Special attention is paid to the motivation of terms and lack of motivation of phraseological terms. The process of terms becoming phraseological units and vice versa is investigated, as well as the transfer of existing phraseological terms into a new phraseological-semantic field; terms describing these processes are considered. Further, the review mentions academic works looking into ways of enriching the terminology of modern business English with new phraseological terms, which include metaphorical and metonymic interpretations of the prototype. In addition, studies into phraseological variation are presented, analysing the concept of phraseological variant and its typological classifications; works on terminological variation are listed. The phenomenon of variation is considered in terms of both expression and content. The review of existing scholarly works confirms the need for further careful research into phraseological terms and their variants.

Finding the Historical Imagination: Teaching Modern British History in a Social Sciences Context

Finding the Historical Imagination: Teaching Modern British History in a Social Sciences Context

Forum: Teaching Modern British History

Forum: Teaching Modern British History

Towards a More Inclusive Modern British History? Reflecting on Barriers, Challenges, and Opportunities in Twenty-First Century UK Higher Education

Towards a More Inclusive Modern British History? Reflecting on Barriers, Challenges, and Opportunities in Twenty-First Century UK Higher Education

Teaching Modern British History at the University of Derby

Teaching Modern British History at the University of Derby

Modern British History—First Issue Editorial

<i>Modern British History</i>—First Issue Editorial

Forum: The Past, Present, and Futures of Modern British History

Abstract For the first issue of the renamed journal, Modern British History co-editor Erik Linstrum convened a group of scholars to reflect on the past, present, and possible futures of the field. The resulting contributions make no claim to provide a comprehensive or representative survey. Rather, they offer a variety of perspectives on where modern British history has been and where it might be going. Several contributions, written by former editors of Twentieth Century British History, drawn on the history of the journal as a way of thinking about the direction of the field and its subfields. Others consider the place of modern Britain in the wider discipline of history, grappling with questions of temporality and embodiment; the institutional and material contexts of scholarship; the role of national histories in a transnational world; and the response of historical writing to epidemiological, humanitarian, and ecological crisis. The sequence of contributions mirrors the evolution of the journal since its founding in 1990, beginning with political history and gradually encompassing a much broader range of subjects and methodologies as well as an expanded geographical ambit. Here are archive stories, pleas for new subjects, roadmaps for new approaches to old subjects, and attempts to identify master narratives. Taken together, these contributions demonstrate that modern British history has many houses—which is both a sign of intellectual vitality and a challenge for anyone wishing to generalize about the ‘state of the field’. If British modernity remains an abundant resource for ‘thinking with’, its contours and frontiers are tantalizingly up for grabs.

What a difference a digraph made: phonetic spelling and the assimilation of the word “armada” in Early Modern English

What a difference a digraph made: phonetic spelling and the assimilation of the word “armada” in Early Modern English

Sara Caputo. Foreign Jack Tars: The British Navy and Transnational Seafarers during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Modern British Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. 320. $99.99 (cloth).

Sara Caputo. Foreign Jack Tars: The British Navy and Transnational Seafarers during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Modern British Histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. 320. $99.99 (cloth).

Structural and semantic analysis of anthropolexemes in the English and Karakalpak Languages

This anthropolexical microsystem has not been studied as such and has not been identified to a greater or lesser extent: firstly, in the modern Karakalpak language, and secondly, in a comparative and contrastive manner between the English and Karakalpak languages. The source and material were explanatory dictionaries of modern English and a four-volume dictionary of the Karakalpak language. Let us note the fact that the anthropolexical microsystem attracts attention by the fact that the units included in it are heterogeneous in their semantic and functional orientation. Three groups can be distinguished here: the first will include types of professional names that are neutral in relation to the characterization or assessment of a person (flyer ushıwshı-pilot), the second group will contain words that characterize a person or evaluate him positively, and the third - negatively.

Category of learning modality in English texts

In the literature of linguistics, modality is a semantic category that expresses the attitude of the speaker to the content of his expression, the target designation of the speech, the relationship of the content of the expression with reality. The category of modality is a linguistic universal and stands out as one of the main categories of language. This article examines the category of modality, one of the most popular and interesting areas in modern English grammar. Different types of modality are defined, examples and features of working of modal words in English texts are given, detailed explanation is given to the presented usage examples. The relevance of the research is related to the necessity of a comprehensive review of the category of modality from the point of view of the theoretical grammar of the modern English language, the importance of systematizing modal words, and determining their status in linguistics.

English as a Foreign Language Students’ Usage of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer in the Classroom and Homework Assignments

Understanding the interaction between artificial intelligence and humans was one of the study's objectives. Another was to examine the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT for English language learners. The primary aims of this study were to examine how English language learners utilize ChatGPT, why they use it, and how it impacts their academic progress. The phenomenon in question has been the subject of extensive research. The questionnaire used in this study was created with Google Forms and delivered electronically. More than 115 English as a foreign language students gave answers; the majority of them were students studying English at the bachelor and master levels. The questionnaire data represent how and how frequently students utilize ChatGPT, and the results show that a considerable proportion of them use the software. The data also show us the most common reasons why English language students use ChatGPT, and it appears that grammar is the first reason, while tasks requiring critical thinking are the second. Another very distinct reason is the use of ChatGPT for summarizing the books they are required to read during their English studies, which usually occurs at the bachelor's level where they learn Old and Modern English Literature. The results also revealed that students believe ChatGPT has had a beneficial impact on their academic advancement. After all, it is vital to note that artificial intelligence and its application are a developing phenomenon, particularly in the educational process; thus, the support of ChatGPT is assisting students in realizing their school projects, although not completely. This phenomenon should be viewed as both useful and detrimental. Artificial intelligence should not be used to limit student growth and critical thinking since it risks diminishing the value of human intelligence. Something artificial cannot be substituted with something natural, such as intelligence. As a result, our synthesizing mind is capable of far more than artificial intelligence.

MÜASİR İNGİLİS VƏ ALMAN DİLLƏRİNDƏ GÜMAN BİLDİRƏN FEİLLƏRİN SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

Semantic Properties of Presumptive Verbs in Modern English and German Summary While studying the semantic characteristics of presumptive verbs in modern English and German languages, it can be concluded that these verbs, which are distinguished by their small number compared to other verbs in the vocabulary of the language, belong to the group of verbs that play an important role in the act of speaking due to their unique semantic nuances and a wide range of expressive possibilities. As a result, while studying the lexical-semantic features of the presumptive verbs in both languages, we clarified that the pragmatic-stylistic nuances of these verbs are characterized by the use of the correct verb as the correct choice in the subject's speech in relation to the object. Key words: speech act, presumptive verbs, semantic features, ways of expression, affirmative and negative forms

MÜASİR İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ HƏRƏKƏT BİLDİRƏN FEİLLƏRİN FUNKSİONAL-SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

Functional and Semantic Features of Action Verbs in Modern English Summary This article is devoted to the study of functional-semantic features of action verbs in Modern English. The article uses the opinions of linguists on the classification and functional-semantic characteristics of action verbs in the English language. It has been determined that action verbs are classified according to three principles – thematic, paradigmatic and syntagmatic. The denotative principle refers to the classification of action verbs based on their primary denotative meaning, the paradigmatic principle refers to the meaningful properties of verbs, and the syntagmatic principle refers to the valence of verbs. Key words: thematic principle, syntagmatic principle, paradigmatic principle, semantic field, frame

MÜASİR İNGİLİS VƏ AZƏRBAYCAN DİLLƏRİNDƏ VOKATİV CÜMLƏLƏR

Vocative Sentences in Modern English and Azerbaijani Languages Summary Sentence-words and vocative sentences are the kinds of sentences which are mostly used both in the English and Azerbaijani languages. A vocative sentence is from Latin word “vocativus”. Such kinds of sentences express appeal, challenge and pampering. A lot of vocative words and sentences are used both in the English and Azerbaijani languages. There are some similiarities and differences between the vocative sentences and direct address, interjection and nominal sentences. This article deals with the allomorphic and izomorphic features between vocative sentences and direct address, interjections and nominal sentences using in both languages. Key words: sentence-words, a vocative sentence, a direct address, interjection, a nominal sentence, appeal

РОЛЬ КОНВЕРСИИ В СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

The Role of Conversion in Word-formation of Modern English Summary Conversion is considered a productive method in Modern English as one of the methods of word-formation. Due to the simplicity of its structure, new word-formation rules and patterns conversion is gradually replacing traditional word-building methods. Conversion exists in many European languages, but is more common in English due to its analytical structure and lack of morphological indicators of parts of speech. Key words: derivations, word-stock, morphological indicators, word-formation, parts of speech

MÜASİR İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ QRAMMATİK ELLİPSİSİ YARADAN MEYARLAR

Criteria for Grammatical Ellipsis in Mordern English Summary In Modern English ellipsis may be more strictly described as grammatical omission in contrast to other kinds of omission in language. Five criteria for ellipsis are distinguished: 1. The missing expression is precisely recoverable. 2. The elliptical construction is defective. Hence the technicalities of ellipsis are not mere technicalities, but have importance in enabling us to make different generalization about what kinds of reduction are possible in English grammar. Key words: ellipsis, anaphora, devlopment, postulate, autosemantic, term